To prevent the secession of Aceh from Indonesia as well as to meet the demand of the Acehnese people, the Indonesian central government agreed to the formation of new sharīʿa courts there.[1] This agreement resulted in the criminalization of certain acts that are otherwise legal under Indonesian criminal law, and it also created a new court responsible for processing such crimes: the mahkamah syar’iyah (Ar. maḥkama sharʿiyya: sharīʿa court)